7. Start cautious feeding (F-75 therapeutic milk) 8. Catch-up growth feeding (F-100, ready-to-use therapeutic food - RUTF) 9. Provide sensory stimulation and emotional support 10. Prepare for follow-up after recovery
: Premature weaning or over-diluting commercial milk formulas due to financial constraints.
Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM): A Comprehensive Guide Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) remains one of the most critical public health challenges globally, particularly in developing nations. This guide provides a detailed overview of the condition, structured to help educators, students, and healthcare professionals develop a comprehensive . 1. Defining Protein Energy Malnutrition Protein Energy Malnutrition Ppt
References Content:
Protein-Energy Malnutrition is not merely a dietary deficiency; it is a systemic syndrome with profound socioeconomic and clinical implications. Provide sensory stimulation and emotional support 10
Extreme muscle and subcutaneous fat wasting ("skin and bones") Variable wasting; often masked by generalized edema Severe wasting masked partially by edema Present (pitting edema starting in lower extremities) Clinical Appearance "Old man" or monkey-like face "Moon face", swollen abdomen, lethargic Features of both syndromes simultaneously Hair & Skin Changes Rare; hair may be thin Common ("flag sign" hair, flaky paint dermatosis) Present in varying degrees 3. Pathophysiology of Marasmus vs. Kwashiorkor
Keep the child warm using clothing, blankets, or the kangaroo care method. Ensure the room stays warm. 3. Treat/Prevent Dehydration This guide provides a detailed overview of the
Complete Blood Count (CBC) to evaluate for microcytic or macrocytic anemia. Blood Glucose (to rule out hypoglycemia). Serum Electrolytes (Potassium, Magnesium, Sodium).
Give routine broad-spectrum antibiotics (e.g., Ampicillin and Gentamicin) to all admitted children with SAM, even if signs of infection are absent. 6. Correct Micronutrient Deficiencies
Prevention is key to reducing the burden of PEM. Some effective prevention strategies include: