The text explicitly defines hybrid vehicles as a dual-source technology that alternates between or combines an internal combustion engine and a battery-powered electric motor.
Statistics regarding the transportation sector's contribution to global emissions.
The 2000s energy crisis and the entry of "outsiders" like Tesla acted as a "crowbar" to break the industry's resistance to lithium-ion technology. sentence completion section for this passage?
Environmentally-Friendly! Vehicles passage is a common IELTS Reading environmentally friendly vehicles ielts reading answers
The passage traces the push for cleaner transportation back to the early 1990s, when the California Air Resources Board (CARB)
Be careful not to confuse "Hybrid" with "Plug-in Hybrid" or "All-Electric." The text will often test your ability to see the technical distinctions between them.
The passage typically explores the historical evolution and challenges of sustainable transport, including: The text explicitly defines hybrid vehicles as a
The text has four paragraphs, A-D. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
An overview of various alternatives, including Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), and biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel).
Discussion on battery-powered cars, their zero-emission benefits at the tailpipe, and the challenges of battery manufacturing, weight, and charging infrastructure. sentence completion section for this passage
NO (They were offered to the public following driver protests, not as a market share strategy).
Bridging the gap between fossil fuels and total electrification are Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). Hybrids combine a downsized internal combustion engine with an electric motor and a small battery pack. The vehicle automatically switches between power sources or utilizes both simultaneously to maximize fuel efficiency. Because the battery recharges through regenerative braking—capturing kinetic energy usually lost during deceleration—HEVs do not need to be plugged into an external power source. While they significantly reduce fuel consumption and emissions in stop-and-go city traffic, critics view them merely as a transitional technology rather than a permanent solution to atmospheric pollution.
